Aceraceae: Aceraceae segregated from Sapindaceae and Hippocastanaceae. Covers genus Acer only.
Posted on 19 Dec 2021.

key to genera: Sarcocornia from original key is treated within Salicornia, Cycloloma is treated within Dysphania, and Neomonolepis is a new genus segregated from Blitum and added to the key here.
Posted on 28 Mar 2023.

Blitum: Key revised to accommodate name change from Blitum spathulatum to Neomonolepis spathulata; pointer to Neomonolepis added in synonymy section.
Posted on 28 Mar 2023.

Dysphania: Cycloloma has been synonymized within Dysphania.
Posted on 27 Jan 2022.

Neomonolepis: Neomonolepis treated as segregate from Blitum; the new genus is monotypic.
Posted on 28 Mar 2023.

Salicornia: Sarcocornia synonymized within Salicornia; Salicornia pacifica replaces Salicornia/Sarcocornia perennis as the correct name for the perennial species of coastal western North America Piirainen et al., 2017. Taxon 661109-132.
Posted on 28 Mar 2023.

Suaeda: Changed order of characters and corrected morphological measurements in couplets 2a and 2b.
Posted on 28 Mar 2023.

key to genera: Revised key includes Sphenosciadium synonymized within Angelica (key to fruits lead 5a; key to vegetative parts lead 25b); correction to key to fruits in leads 36a through 38a (Cicuta, Oenanthe, Sium), including addition of Sium fruit (lead 37a).
Posted on 19 Dec 2021.

Angelica: Revised key includes A. capitellata (previously treated as Sphenosciadium capitellatum in original Apiaceae treatment).
Posted on 19 Dec 2021.

Musineon: The key to Musineon revised to include the newly described species Musineon glaucescens.
Posted on 5 May 2022.

Vinca: Revision includes more detailed genus description and revised etymology for genus; species descriptions revised to include updated measurements, clearer descriptions of leaves, and complete range statements.
Posted on 18 Feb 2022.

Calycadenia: Recently found to have been collected within the Flora boundary in Lane County, OR.
Posted on 28 Feb 2022.

Carduus: Key revised to add Carduus crispus and C. cinereus.
Posted on 19 Dec 2021.

Doellingeria: Eucephalus synonymized within Doellingeria based on recent molecular studies.
Posted on 19 Dec 2021.

Grindelia: Key revised to align with species concepts presented in Jepson Manual, 2nd Edition and Flora of Oregon treatments authored by Abigail J. Moore. Grindelia hirsutula is a serpentine species of southwestern Oregon and California misapplied in previous treatments to our coastal plants here treated as G. stricta and plants east of the Cascades and in the Columbia River Gorge here treated as G. nana.
Posted on 28 Mar 2023.

Solidago: Key revised to include S. altissima var. altissima, which has been collected in scattered locations in central Washington, and likely is more widespread in our area. The range of S. spathulata has been expanded further north to southwestern Washington based on examination of past and recent (2023) collections.
Posted on 10 Oct 2023.
Posted on 4 Mar 2024.

Townsendia: Key revised to include Townsendia lemhiensis, a recently (2022) described species endemic to Lemhi County, ID.
Posted on 5 Jan 2024.

Berberidaceae: Changes to treatment: Mahonia is recognized as distinct from Berberis; key to genera revised to incorporate Mahonia; Mahonia genus description provided, along with key to Mahonia species in the flora region.
Posted on 19 Dec 2021.

Alnus: Alnus viridis and infraspecific taxa are synonymized within A. alnobetula and respective infraspecific based on nomenclatural research showing that name A. viridis was actually based on Betula viridis. No other changes are made to the key.
Posted on 28 Mar 2023.

Cryptantha: Perennial Cryptantha species are now treated in the genus Oreocarya (Hasenstab-Lehman and Simpson 2012). The genus description here has been revised to reflect that all Cryptantha species are annual. No other changes have been made to the key.
Posted on 21 Jun 2022.

Oreocarya: Biennial and perennial Cryptantha taxa segregated from annual Cryptantha taxa and placed in genus Oreocarya based on Hasenstab-Lehman, K. E. and M. G. Simpson, 2012. Genus description revised accordingly. Images for several new addions to the Flora are forthcoming.
Posted on 16 Apr 2023.

Brassica: Phylogenetic studies indicate Brassica is polyphyletic as previously circumscribed. Rhamphospermum was resurrected to create monophyletic genera, and B. nigra was transferred to Rhamphospermum. (Al-Shehbaz, I. 2021. Nomenclatural adjustments in Eutrema, Ceratocnemum, Rhamphospermum, and Sinapis (Brassicaceae, Cruciferae) Harvard Papers in Botany, Vol. 26, No. 1, 2021, pp. 14. The key here is revised to accommodate the omission of B. nigra.
Posted on 12 Oct 2023.

Noccaea: Key revised to include Noccaea perfoliata, formerly Microthlaspi perfoliata.
Posted on 28 Apr 2023.

Rhamphospermum: Phylogenetic studies indicate Sinapis and Brassica are polyphyletic as previously circumscribed. Rhamphospermum is resurrected to create monophyletic genera, with Brassica nigra and Sinapis arvensis included in Rhamphospermum. (Al-Shehbaz, I. 2021. Nomenclatural adjustments in Eutrema, Ceratocnemum, Rhamphospermum, and Sinapis (Brassicaceae, Cruciferae) Harvard Papers in Botany, Vol. 26, No. 1, 2021, pp. 14). A new genus treatment and key are created here to accommodate these changes.
Posted on 12 Oct 2023.

Sinapis: Phylogenetic studies indicate Sinapis is polyphyletic as previously circumscribed. Rhamphospermum was resurrected to create monophyletic genera, and S. arvensis was transferred to Rhamphospermum. (Al-Shehbaz, I. 2021. Nomenclatural adjustments in Eutrema, Ceratocnemum, Rhamphospermum, and Sinapis (Brassicaceae , Cruciferae) Harvard Papers in Botany, Vol. 26, No. 1, 2021, pp. 14. The treatment here is revised to accommodate the omission of S. arvensis.
Posted on 12 Oct 2023.

Opuntia: Opuntia phaeacantha, a southwestern US introduction established in Klickatat County, WA, is added to the updated Opuntia key here.
Posted on 19 Dec 2021.

Pediocactus: Key revised to emphasize distinguishing characters of spines, such as size and curvature, along with whether stems for each species are generally solitary or clustered.
Posted on 7 Jul 2022.

key to genera: Changed Asyneuma to Smithiastrum, and Melanocalyx segregated from Campanula.
Posted on 13 Apr 2022.

Campanula: Campanula uniflora segregated into monotypic genus Melanocalyx.
Posted on 13 Apr 2022.

Melanocalyx: Melanocalyx segregated from Campanula.
Posted on 13 Apr 2022.

Smithiastrum: Changed Asyneuma prenanthoides to Smithiastrum prenanthoides.
Posted on 13 Apr 2022.

key to genera: Schoenoplectiella segregated from Schoenoplectus on the basis of molecular and morphological data. Doing so makes both genera monophyletic.
Posted on 28 Mar 2023.

Eleocharis: Replaced image of achene in E. palustris.
Posted on 16 Apr 2023.

Schoenoplectiella: Schoenoplectiella segregated from Schoenoplectus on the basis of morphological characters and molecular data. Recognition of Schoenoplectiella makes Schoenoplectus monophyletic, and growth habit and achene surface texture are reliable morphological markers for separating the two genera.
Posted on 28 Mar 2023.

Schoenoplectus: Schoenoplectiella segregated from Schoenoplectus on the basis of morphological characters and molecular data. Doing so makes Schoenoplectus and Schoenoplectiella monophyletic.
Posted on 28 Mar 2023.

Rhododendron: Key revised to segregate R. neoglandulosum from R. columbianum based on morphological and habitat differences, and molecular data indicating the taxa are separate (Hart et al., 2017. JBRIT 11(1):53-65.)
Posted on 30 Jul 2022.

Gleditsia: Provided full genus and species description; treated as an entry in the key to genera in Flora 2nd edition.
Posted on 18 Feb 2022.

Gunnera: Gunneraceae added as a new family to the flora based on a collection of Gunnera tinctoria from Vancouver Island.
Posted on 12 Feb 2022.

Hippocastanaceae: Hippocastanaceae segregated from Sapindaceae and Aceraceae. Covers genus Aesculus only.
Posted on 19 Dec 2021.

Najas: Key expanded to include N. marina, which was recently (2020) collected in Missoula County, MT.
Posted on 21 Mar 2022.

Hypericum: Key revised to include Hypericum humifusum, an occasional introduction in sw BC and nw OR.
Posted on 29 Mar 2022.

Iris: Key reworked and revised to add Iris versicolor.
Posted on 19 Dec 2021.

Lamium: Lamiastrum synonymized within Lamium based on molecular evidence: Lamiastrum galeobdolon treated here as Lamium galeobdolon and included in Lamium key.
Posted on 23 Jan 2022.

Stachys: Key revised to add Stachys palustris, a Eurasian species sparingly established in northern ID and southwest BC.
Posted on 29 Mar 2022.

Sidalcea: Key updated to include new taxonomy regarding the treatment of S. virgata, here synonymized within a newly published taxon S. asprella subsp. virgata. This change is consistent with how the taxon is being treated by Flora of Oregon and is an acceptable interpretation of the molecular phylogenetic work of Andreasen and Baldwin 2003.
Posted on 28 Mar 2023.

Trillium: Trillium ovatum var. hibbersonii is elevated to the rank of species.
Posted on 19 Dec 2021.

Calandrinia: The name Calandrinia ciliata is misapplied in the Pacific Northwest (Hershkovitz 2006). The correct name is C. menziesii, which is used in the revised treatment here.
Posted on 19 Dec 2021.

Epilobium: Added image of leaf blade for E. anagallidifolium.
Posted on 16 Apr 2023.

Aphyllon: Key updated to include Aphyllon franciscanum, recognized as distinct from A. fasciculatum based on molecular, morphological, and host differences.
Posted on 23 Jan 2022.

Rhinanthus: Key revised to indicate ssp. minor is introduced, and clarify distributions.
Posted on 19 Dec 2021.

Eschscholzia: Distribution statement changed to correct and distinguish where this taxon is introduced and where it is native.
Posted on 28 Mar 2023.

Callitriche: Key revised to synonymize C. heterophylla var. bolanderi and var. heterophylla within C. heterophylla based on communication with Flora of North America treatment author Richard Lansdown; Lead 2a changed Fr body elliptic to Fr body oblong to better reflect shape in illustration; Lead 5b range statement for C. fassettii changed to Deschutes Co, OR to CA based on recently collected specimens. Leads 7a and 7b edited to emphasize leaf apex differences, which are supported by a new illustration for C. brutia var. hamulata.
Posted on 28 Apr 2023.

Nuttallanthus: Key revised to include N. canadensis, which is native in our area.
Posted on 21 Mar 2022.

Veronica: Key revised to incorporate Synthyris within Veronica.
Posted on 19 Dec 2021.

Platanus:
Posted on 21 Mar 2022.

Aristida: Key revised to add Aristida basiramea, a weedy introduction established in central Idaho.
Posted on 29 Mar 2022.

Crypsis: Key to species edited to add inflorescence shape as the first distinguishing character.
Posted on 28 Mar 2023.

Eriocoma: Eriocoma is the currently accepted genus for many species that were previously assigned to Achnatherum (Peterson et al. 2019. Phytokeys 126: 89-125). The treatment here transfers all Achnatherum taxa in the printed Flora 2nd edition to Eriocoma and provides the Achnatherum combinations in synonymy.
Posted on 30 Jul 2022.

Potamogeton: All British Columbia populations of P. oakesianus have been determined to be incorrectly identified. This species is removed from inclusion in the Flora region. Image of the fruit of P. epihydrus added to show keel structure described in key lead.
Posted on 16 Apr 2023.

key to genera: Dodecatheon synonymized within Primula, and Douglasia synonymized within Androsace.
Posted on 12 Feb 2022.

Androsace: Douglasia is synonymized within Androsace.
Posted on 12 Feb 2022.

Primula: Dodecatheon synonymized within Primula.
Posted on 12 Feb 2022.

Clematis: Inserted Clematis orientalis into key and restructured key; added habitat data to Clematis occidentalis vars. and C. columbiana vars., inserted Clematis tangutica var. tangutica into the genus description as a note.
Posted on 5 Mar 2022.

key to genera: Argentina segregated from Potentilla on the basis of morphological and molecular evidence; Horkelia and Ivesia synonymized within Potentilla based on molecular evidence, thereby making Potentilla monophyletic.
Posted on 28 Mar 2023.

Argentina: Argentina segregated from Potentilla based on molecular and morphological evidence. Argentina with stipular auricles attached dorsally, and Potentilla with stipular auricles attached laterally.
Posted on 26 Jan 2024.

Potentilla: Horkelia and Ivesia synonymized within Potentilla; Potentilla anserina transferred to Argentina anserina; Potentilla pensylvanica synonymized within P. jepsonii, with var. kluanensis recognized here.
Posted on 28 Apr 2023.

Galium: Key revised to include Galium parisiense.
Posted on 14 Apr 2023.

Salix: Added image of leaf blade of S. ×sepulcralis.
Posted on 18 Apr 2023.

Arceuthobium: Key updated to include newly published taxon A. abietinum subsp. grandae in synonymy of A. abietinum. No key provided in publication. Included in synonymy here so that users are aware of the taxon if they choose to recognize infraspecific taxa.
Posted on 28 Mar 2023.

key to genera: Generic key revised to recognize Brewerimitella segregated from Pectiantia based on recent molecular studies. Folk, R., R. Stubbs, N. Engle-Wrye, D. Soltis, and Y. Okuyama. 2021. Biogeography and habitat evolution of Saxifragaceae, with a revisionof generic limits and a new tribal system. TAXON 70(2): 263–285.)
Posted on 30 Jul 2022.

Brewerimitella: P. breweri and P. ovalis transferred to Brewerimitella.
Posted on 30 Jul 2022.

Pectiantia: Pectiantia treatment edited to transfer P. breweri and P. ovalis to Brewerimitella.
Posted on 30 Jul 2022.

Thelypteridaceae: Parathelypteris synonymized within Amauropelta; Parathelypteris genus treatment updated to Amauropelta; Oreoptieris quelpertensis used in place of orthographic variant O. quelpaertensis.
Posted on 5 May 2022.

Urtica: U. dioica segregated from U. gracilis based on molecular phylogenetic evidence; splitting the taxa also resolves a nomenclatural issue regarding illegitimate name U. dioica subsp. holosericea (IPNI, accessed 11/23/2022). Recent molecular phylogenetic studies show that U. dioica is a separate northern Eurasian species and that the North American plants are best treated as U. gracilis Aiton (Henning et al., 2014; Grosse-Veldman et al., 2016). The combination U. gracilis Aiton subsp. holosericea (Nutt.) W.A. Weber is legitimate.
Posted on 5 Mar 2024.

key to genera: Family name changed to Viburnaceae from Adoxaceae based on priority. No changes to taxonomic circumscription.
Posted on 28 Mar 2023.